ACTIVITY PROFILE BETWEEN WINNERS AND LOSERS IN SILAT OLAHRAGA MALE CATEGORY CLASS C, SEA GAMES 2015
FACULTY
OF SPORT SCIENCE AND RECREATIONAL
SRT
605
STATISTICS
IN SPORT AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
TITLE
ACTIVITY
PROFILE BETWEEN WINNERS AND LOSERS IN SILAT OLAHRAGA MALE CATEGORY CLASS C, SEA
GAMES 2015
PREPARED
BY
FADLIN
SAKINA BINTI ABU BAKAR
2016690784
PREPARED
FOR
DR.
MOHAMAD NIZAM BIN MOHAMED SHAPIE
SUBMISSION
DATE
18TH
DECEMBER 2017
Abstract
Abstract
The
purpose of this report is to study or find activity profile between loser and
winners in male Silat Tanding Class C at the 28th 2015 SEA Games Singapore
matches based on descriptive study. All notational taking are using hand
notational system by identify 14 different types of event performed by the
2 contestant from the beginning and end of the action period. A freely
accessible video recording of each silat matches in Sea Games
Singapore 2015 from YouTube was utilized for investigation. The system
used to identify 14 different types of event performed by the 2 contestants as
well as the start and end of action periods. The data about the nature of the
activity performed within fight periods can be combined with the analysis done
by previous study to provide a detailed description of the demands of the sport
and assist in the development of specific training programmers. The approach used
here would be useful to apply to other sports whose work and rest periods have
been investigated to give a greater understanding of the type and frequency of
action within the work periods.
INTRODUCTION
Silat is a term used to describe the
martial arts forms practiced throughout the Malay Archipelago. It is traditionally practiced in Malaysia
especially, Southern Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam, Brunei,
Philippines and Indonesia. Silat is a combative form of the
Malay fighting arts. Silat can be divided into two main
categories which are “Silat Seni” (Artistry event) and “Tanding” (Match event).
The uniqueness of Tanding is in the rules. In the rule, there are basic
commands, timing for each match, target area for hitting the opponent, and the
scoring points for each of the area that is being attacked. For the basic
commands, the “Wasit” or referee appointed will issue the command “Sedia”,
meaning “Ready”. Then, he will shout “Mula”, meaning “Begin”. Immediately the
“gong” will be struck. When the wasit wants to stop the fight, he will shout
“Berhenti”, meaning “Stop”. Every time the fighters step out of the ring, the
wasit will also stop the fight and bring the fighters back to the center of the
arena. If a fighter repeatedly steps outside the ring, especially if he's
stepping backwards, the wasit may issue him a penalty point and if he continues
to do that, he may also be given 2 penalty points. If after that he still
continues to step out of the ring, the wasit may even decide to end the fight
and proclaim his opponent the winner. There are three rounds of fighting of two
minutes for every round, with oneminute rest between each round.
Pencak Silat
competition category which presents a match between two Pesilat (contestants)
from different teams. Both contestants confront each other using defense and
attack elements such as repulse, dodge, hit, attack at the target and drop the
opponent using competition tactics and techniques and maintaining stamina and
fighting spirit, applying principles and steps patterns (pola langkah) by
demonstrating the richness of jurus techniques, in order to score the most.
MATERIAL
AND METHOD
Every match
consists of three (3) rounds in total of fighting. Two (2) minutes for every
round, with 1 minute rest between each round. The outcome used is hit target,
hit elsewhere and miss opponent. Hit target will be counted if the kick and
topple is made hit the body pad or target. Hit elsewhere if the kick and topple
is made hit the other part of body that not hit the target or body pad.
Meanwhile the miss opponent will be counted when the kick or topple is made did
not hit the opponent.
MATCH
ANALYSIS
A video
recording that is publicly available that shows two male silat match at the
28th SEA Games Singapore 2015 was used for analysis purposes. The first male
match was a quarterfinal between Vietnam and Singapore, second match Laos
versus Philippine (quarterfinal), third match between Vietnam and Laos () and
last match of men tanding class C of the 60kg weight category was between
Vietnam and Thailand. The system was used to identify 14 different types of
event performed by the two contestants as well as the start and end of action
periods at each match.
Video were
played at a slower rate of 50% and shown in sequences that were repeated to
allow an accurate measurement of each of the offensive and defensive movement
category. The video were paused and played again to ease the analysis. Silat
exponent motion was subjectively categorized based on Shapie M.N.M. et al
(2013) for silat competition. Information could be entered into the computer
system using a ‘Mouse’, via representation on the screen of the silat match.
The commencement and completion of each individual action period was notated
using hand notational.
MOTION
CATEGORIES
In silat,
movements are categorize into 14 different silat exponent’s motion and are
define as follow:
Punch:
The punch ‘tumbuk’ attack is done by a hand with closed fist
hitting the target. In silat, punching is often used to fight the opponent. It
can be a straight punch ‘tumbuk lurus’ or uppercut ‘sauk’ to exponent body’s (Anuar, 1992).
Kick:
The kick ‘tendang’ or ‘terajang’ is an ataacking movement
which is performed with one leg or two legs simultaneously. A kick can be aimed
at any target. It can be front kick
‘tendang depan’, side kick ‘depak’ or semi-circular side
kick ‘ tendang lengkar’(Anuar, 1992).
Block:
The blocking movements begin with the posture position
‘sikap pasang’: the exponent stands straight with his hands around his body or
close to his chest. Blocking or parrying
‘tangkisan’ can be done using arms, elbows and legs with the
purpose to block off or striking back at any attck (Anuar, 1992).
Catch:
The catch ‘tangkapan’ is done by using the hand to obstruct
the opponent from carrying out an attack. The silat exponent is able to prevent
himself from being attacked by pointing the attack which he has caught to
another direction. A catch which twists or drags the opponent is forbidden.
Also, a catch which could break the part which is being held such as the leg
and waist is also forbidden. These regulations exit to protect the silat
exponent’s (Anuar,
1992).
Topple:
There are various ways of toppling down one’s opponent. For
example, a silat exponent ‘pesilat’ can either push, shove the opponent’s back
leg from the bad or from the side, shove, hit, kick, strike or punch to make
the opponent lose his balance. Every falls is considered valid as long as the
sila exponent topples his opponent down without wresting or he is able to
overpower the opponent whom he has brought down (Anuar, 1992).
Sweep:
Swiping ‘sapuan’ involves attacking an opponent’s leg which
is on the ground to unstable him and brings down to the ground. A silat
exponent can perform this attacking movement either with his right or left leg.
Hence, front sweep ‘sapuan depan’ is done by swinging the leg to the front to
push an opponent’s leg, while back sweep ‘sapuan belakang’ is carried out by
swinging the leg backward to hit the back leg (Anuar, 1992).
Evade/Dodge:
The evade ‘elakan’ technique is carried out by silat
exponent when he tries to evade an attack. This technique does not require the
silat exponent to touch the opponent in fending off the attack. They are many
ways of carrying out his defensive movement such as dodging
‘gelek’, retreat ‘mundur’, evasion to the side ‘elak sisi’,
bending ‘elak serung’, jumping ‘lonjak’ ducking ‘susup’ and etc. (Anuar, 1992).
Self-Release:
Self-release ‘lepas tangkapan’ technique is a technique to
unlock any clinch or catch from an opponent (Anuar, 1993).
Block and Punch:
The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg
attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using the leg to kick
the opponent (Shapie,
Oliver,O’Donoghue,
& Tong, 2013).
Block and Kick:
The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg
attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using sweeping
technique to the opponent (Shapie et al., 2013).
Block and Sweep:
The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg
attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using sweeping
technique to the opponent (Shapie et al., 2013).
Fake Punch:
An action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the
opponent using a fake punch to break his opponent’s defensive posture (Shapie et al., 2013).
Fake Kick:
An action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the
opponent using a fake kick to break his opponent defensive posture (Shapie et al., 2013).
All the activities are considered high intensity except for
others which at that time both silat exponents are in low intensity periods.
RELIABILITY
OF OBSERVATION
The author
analyzed all the activities and simultaneously classified each change of motion
in a single match. Two observation were done separated by 48 hours. It requires
experienced silat practitioners to analyze the data as the movement of both
exponents is fast, needing close inspection. The classification of movement was
subjective with work being classified according to instruction given by the
referee.
STATISCAL
ANALYSIS
The
observation generated data will be frequency counted. Mean and staandard
deviation (SD) for all the marker has been computed to locate the measurable
factors that separated winning and losing group. Statistical analysis was
conducted by using statistical package for social scientist (SPSS).
RESULTS
1ST MATCH : MEN’S QUARTERFINALS
CLASS C 60 KG VIETNAM (WINNER) VS SINGAPORE (LOSER)
FREQUENCY TABLE
Exponent
|
Punch
|
Kick
|
Topple
|
Sweep
|
Total
|
Vietnam (Winner)
|
1
|
9
|
2
|
6
|
16
|
Singapore (Loser)
|
3
|
17
|
4
|
4
|
28
|
Total
|
4
|
26
|
6
|
10
|
66
|
2ND MATCH :
MEN’S CLASS C 60 KG LAOS (WINNER) VS PHILIPPINES (LOSER)
Legends : Others for
both country mean each “Mulai” or Begin.
FREQUENCY TABLE
Exponent
|
Punch
|
Kick
|
Topple
|
Sweep
|
Total
|
Laos
(winner)
|
9
|
18
|
6
|
4
|
37
|
Philippines (loser)
|
6
|
17
|
4
|
2
|
29
|
Total
|
15
|
35
|
10
|
6
|
66
|
3RD MATCH : MEN’S CLASS C 60 KG
LAOS (LOSER) VS VIETNAM (WINNER)
FREQUENCY TABLE
Exponent
|
Punch
|
Kick
|
Topple
|
Sweep
|
Total
|
Laos (loser)
|
9
|
21
|
4
|
3
|
37
|
Vietnam (winner)
|
8
|
12
|
4
|
5
|
29
|
Total
|
17
|
33
|
8
|
8
|
66
|
4TH MATCH : MEN’S CLASS C 60 KG
THAILAND (WINNER) VS VIETNAM (LOSER)
Winner: Thailand
Exponent
|
Punch
|
Kick
|
Topple
|
Sweep
|
Total
|
Vietnam
(loser)
|
10
|
15
|
3
|
6
|
34
|
Thailand
(winner)
|
11
|
11
|
3
|
3
|
28
|
Total
|
21
|
26
|
6
|
9
|
62
|
DISCUSSION
Based on the result from the tables, group statistics can be found by the SPSS software that being used to calculated all the possible data according to the notated exponent statistics.
According to the results collected, for the first match Vietnam versus Singapore, Vietnam athlete won the match through kicking and sweeping action with percentage of 8.57% and 12.86%. Hit target from Vietnam is slightly different compare to Singapore which is 4. The second match between Laos and Philippine which is won by Laos. Even though hit target from Laos is lower than Philippine, but he has less hit elsewhere compare to Philippine. While the third match is between Vietnam and Laos. For this match won by Vietnam because Laos athlete are lack on self-defense if compared to Vietnam athlete. Last match between Vietnam and Thailand, and Thailand won for this game. Hit target made by Vietnam is more than Thailand but Thailand have less miss opponent compare to Vietnam.
According to the results collected, for the first match Vietnam versus Singapore, Vietnam athlete won the match through kicking and sweeping action with percentage of 8.57% and 12.86%. Hit target from Vietnam is slightly different compare to Singapore which is 4. The second match between Laos and Philippine which is won by Laos. Even though hit target from Laos is lower than Philippine, but he has less hit elsewhere compare to Philippine. While the third match is between Vietnam and Laos. For this match won by Vietnam because Laos athlete are lack on self-defense if compared to Vietnam athlete. Last match between Vietnam and Thailand, and Thailand won for this game. Hit target made by Vietnam is more than Thailand but Thailand have less miss opponent compare to Vietnam.
CONCLUSION
From notation made, it can conclude
that post-event analysis of hand notation indicates that the prototype system
developed for this study can be used to record and evaluate a silat olahraga
match. This study complemented with those of the broad work and rest study
undertaken by Shapie et al (2013). The current study has provided a great
understanding of information for the silat olahraga by looking at the activity
involved in competition. Both of the exponents performed more high intensity
actions than low intensity actions (i.e. the frequency count).
However it is important to understand
that high intensity actions will contribute more in the score points (i.e.
outcome that count) rather than low intensity actions. There is also a range of
frequency in attacking and defensive activities used by both of the exponents.
The winner (blue exponent) used more kicks than the loser which may reflect
greater skill or fitness or both. However, it is still doubtful that these are
the only factors that influence the match.
The data collected would help them to
realize their mistakes that they could not know as they were focusing on the
game. Coaches and athletes can sit together to talk about the previous match
and share their experience towards the game for better improvement and
preparations for the other competitions.
RECOMMENDATION
It is recommended that future studies
determine the full range of activities performed with movement classifications
and the variation of strikes that contribute to losing and winning the match.
It is recommended that those
developing conditioning elements of training programs for silat olahraga
athletes are aware of the frequency and spread of durations of action and rest
periods within action periods. The implication from a coaching perspective of
the types and frequencies of strikes used would suggest that in training, a
large proportion of time needs to be utilized in development of kicking and
blocking as well as the conditioning of lower limbs in order to absorbs strikes
and resist fatigue during a match to being able to defend and counter attack
effectively.
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
1ST MATCH :
MEN’S QUARTERFINALS CLASS C 60 KG VIETNAM (WINNER) VS SINGAPORE (LOSER)
2ND MATCH : MEN’S CLASS C 60 KG
LAOS (WINNER) VS PHILIPPINES (LOSER)
3RD MATCH : MEN’S CLASS C 60 KG
LAOS (LOSER) VS VIETNAM (WINNER)
4TH MATCH : MEN’S CLASS C 60 KG
THAILAND (WINNER) VS VIETNAM (LOSER)
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